| Neutral Density filters have several uses
and offer the possibility to achieve otherwise unachievable
results. ND filters appear grey and reduce the amount
of light reaching the film. They have no effect on color
balance. They have four main uses: 1) To enable slow shutter
speeds to be used, especially with high speed films, to
record movement in subjects such as waterfalls, clouds,
or cars. 2) To decrease depth of field by allowing wider
apertures to be used, which helps separate subjects from
their background. 3) To decrease the effective ISO of
high speed film (above ISO 400) and allow it to be used
outdoors in bright situations. 4) To allow cine and video
cameras (which have fixed shutter speeds) to film subjects
such as snow, sand or other bright scenes which could
cause overexposure.
Neutral Density factors:
ND.3 (exposure adjustment = 1 stop, reduces ISO 1/2)
ND.6 (exposure adjustment = 2 stops, reduces ISO 1/4)
ND.9 (exposure adjustment = 3 stops, reduces ISO 1/8)
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